This study aims to examine whether children with Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) are more likely to have problems with the jaw joint and chewing muscles. MIH is a dental condition where the enamel of the first molars and incisors is weaker than normal. The researchers performed clinical examinations and ultrasound imaging to evaluate the thickness and elasticity of the chewing muscles. They also used a questionnaire to check for symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD), such as jaw pain, headaches, and joint sounds.
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Inclusion Criteria: * Children aged between 9 and 14 years * Good general health with no systemic disease * Score of 3 or 4 on the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale * No parafunctional oral habits (e.g., bruxism) * No skeletal orthodontic abnormalities * For the MIH group: presence of at least one first permanent molar diagnosed with MIH * For the control group: absence of MIH diagnosis Exclusion Criteria: * Presence of advanced periodontal disease or tooth mobility * History of facial trauma or jaw fracture * Current medication use * Inability to cooperate during clinical or ultrasonographic examinations * Any condition that may affect temporomandibular joint structure or function