Non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) is prevalent among elderly women and is often associated with impaired postural control, increased fear of falling, and reduced community participation. Understanding the interplay between these factors is essential for effective rehabilitation and fall prevention strategies in this vulnerable population.
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Inclusion Criteria: * Inclusion criteria include independent ambulation with or without assistive devices and a clinical diagnosis of non-specific low back pain persisting for at least three months. Exclusion Criteria: * Participants presenting with specific low back pain due to identifiable organic or pathological causes-such as herniated discs, spinal infections, fractures, tumors, inflammatory arthropathies, or neurological disorders affecting balance or gait-will be excluded to maintain sample homogeneity. Additional exclusion criteria include recent lower limb orthopedic surgery (within the past six months), uncontrolled cardiovascular or metabolic diseases, uncorrected visual or vestibular impairments, and severe cognitive impairment (MMSE \< 24).